Search results for "Facial Muscle"
showing 10 items of 28 documents
Grey Matter Microstructural Integrity Alterations in Blepharospasm Are Partially Reversed by Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy.
2016
OBJECTIVE Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) are the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders of facial muscles. Although similar in clinical presentation different pathophysiological mechanisms are assumed. Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. In this study we aimed to assess grey matter microstructural differences between these two groups of patients and compared them with healthy controls. In patients we furthermore tracked the longitudinal morphometric changes associated with BoNT therapy. We hypothesized microstructural differences between the groups at the time point of maximum symptoms representation a…
Contribution of IL-17-producing {gamma}{delta} T cells to the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy.
2011
IL-17 production by γδ T cells is required for tumor cell infiltration by IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells and inhibition of tumor growth in response to anthracyclines.
Cortico-bulbar fibers to orofacial muscles: recordings with enoral surface electrodes.
1997
A new recording technique was developed to eliminate current problems on recording transcranial evoked facial muscle responses. A fork-shaped device equipped with 2 pairs of Ag/AgCl-electrodes was inserted enorally at the buccinator muscle level. Advantages offered by this method comprise clearly defined negative deflection of the compound muscle action potential, lack of relevant volume conduction from adjacent muscles, reliability of amplitude criteria, absence of interfering stimulus artifacts, easy achievement of preactivation, and noninvasive recording by surface electrodes. In 43 healthy subjects transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked contralateral responses at a mean latency and me…
Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human facial motor area: difference between upper and lower facial area.
2001
Objective: To investigate the intracortical inhibitory and excitatory systems in the motor cortical representation of upper and lower facial muscles. Methods: Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to 7 healthy volunteers, with the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the conditioning stimulus (CS) and test stimulus, varied from 1 to 20 ms. CS was set at 90% of motor threshold. Muscle evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from first dorsal interosseus (FDI), orbicularis oculi (o. oculi) and mentalis muscles. Result: TMS evoked MEPs in o. oculi on both ipsi- and contralateral sides in all subjects. In the paired-pulse study, MEP amplitude in the mentalis decreased …
Characterization of muscle alteration in oral submucous fibrosis-seeking new evidence
2015
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the progression of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) by investigating the correlation between clinical mouth opening and muscle-epithelial distance in tissue sections. Characterization of changes involving muscle was ascertained. Material and Methods: 50 cases and 10 controls were included in this case-control study. Inter-incisal mouth opening was measured and classified according to Lai et al . as Group A (more than 35mm), Group B (30 to 35mm), Group C (20 to 30mm), Group D (less than 20mm). Histopathological sections were graded as very early, early, moderately advanced, advanced OSF. Muscle-epithelial distance was calculated using image analysi…
Localization of emotional and volitional facial paresis.
1992
Emotional facial paresis is characterized by impaired activation of face muscles with emotion but normal voluntary activation. We report seven patients with this sign. Their lesions involved the frontal lobe white matter, the striatocapsular territory, the anterolateral thalamus and insula, the posterior thalamus and operculum, and the mesial temporal lobe and insula each in one patient, and the posterior thalamus in two patients. Volitional facial paresis affects facial movements with voluntary effort, sparing activation on emotion. We report four such patients, with lesions involving the motor cortex in one and the pyramidal tract in the cerebral hemisphere in three.
Single horizontal Y-V vermilion plasty including orbicularis oris muscle repair for secondary correction of the whistling defect: a universal techniq…
2012
Objectives: The present prospective study aimed at objectively evaluating the relevance of a single horizontal Y-V vermilion plasty including orbicularis oris muscle repair for secondary correction of whistling deformities in unilateral as well as bilateral cleft lip cases. Study Design: Ten patients were included in the study (mean age 20.2±6.2 years). The size of the whistling defects was determined on photographs before and 12 months after surgery. Additional surgical procedures like columella lengthening and rhinoplasty were documented. Results: Seven minor and 3 moderate whistling defects were corrected. In 7 patients additional procedures were carried out. The data of the 12 months fo…
Dissociation of emotional processes in response to visual and olfactory stimuli following frontotemporal damage.
2005
Contemporary neuropsychological studies have stressed the widely distributed and multicomponential nature of human affective processes. Here, we examined facial electromyographic (EMG) (zygomaticus and corrugator muscle activity), autonomic (skin conductance and heart rate) and subjective measures of affective valence and arousal in patient TG, a 30 year-old man with left anterior mediotemporal and left orbitofrontal lesions resulting from a traumatic brain injury. Both TG and a normal control group were exposed to hedonically valenced visual and olfactory stimuli. In contrast with control subjects, facial EMG and electrodermal activity in TG did not differentiate among pleasant, unpleasant…
Effects of a nonsurgical exercise program on the decreased mouth opening in patients with systemic scleroderma.
2004
The decreased mouth opening (microstomia) represents a frequent finding in patients with systemic scleroderma (SSD), but little information is available about the efficacy of nonsurgical management of this condition. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a nonsurgical exercise program on the decreased mouth opening in a group of 10 SSD patients with severe microstomia (maximal mouth opening 0.1). At the end of the 18-week period, all patients commented that eating, speaking and oral hygiene measures were easier. The edentulous subjects also experienced less difficulty inserting their own dentures. These findings suggest that regular application of the proposed exercise program m…
Corticobulbar tract involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
1998
We investigated corticobulbar tract function by recording from the tongue and orofacial muscles and using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 30 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in order to improve the diagnostic yield in the detection of subclinical upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction. A UMN lesion was assumed when the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within normal range and either the response to cortical stimulation was absent, or the central conduction time was delayed (> mean + 2.5 SD). Only two patients showed clinical evidence of UMN involvement in the cranial nerves, while TMS demonstrated corticobulbar tract dysfunction in the oro…